“Perio” means around, and “dontal” refers to teeth. Periodontal diseases refer to infections of the tissues around the teeth, which include the gums, teeth fibers and bone. When the infection is limited to the gums, it is called ‘gingivitis’ and the condition can be easily treated. In more severe forms of the disease, the gums, fibers and bone are also involved and the treatment gets more complex. Moreover, the bacteria responsible for causing gums infection can affect your overall health and research has shown that gum diseases are related to diabetes, clogged arteries and heart diseases, etc. This makes it even for important to maintain a good oral health.
What are the early signs that your gums are infected with bacteria?
• Swollen and spongy gums
• Bleeding from gums while brushing
• Foul odor in the mouth
What Causes Periodontal Disease?
Periodontal disease is caused by bacteria in the dental plaque. Dental plaque is the white coating which forms on the teeth when they are not cleaned properly. Our body tries to fight with the bacteria and eliminate it. This war between the bacteria and the human body produces substances that cause inflammation and destruction of the gums, tooth fibers and bone. Clinically, it appears as swollen, bleeding gums initially and loosening of the teeth, a sign of severe periodontitis in the advanced stages.
How can you prevent Periodontal Diseases?
• Being aware of gum and periodontal diseases and their impact on your overall heath
• Practicing good oral hygiene
• Visiting your dental surgeon regularly (about once every six months, or more often if you have gum disease) can prevent periodontal disease.
• Daily brushing and flossing
• Professional cleanings by your dental surgeon
What happens when dental plaque is not cleaned properly?
If oral hygiene is not proper, the dental plaque builds up on the teeth and eventually spreads below the gum line. It gets difficult to remove the plaque from below the gums. The accumulation of plaque below the gums leads to further growth of bacteria and the war between the human body and bacteria is triggered. The gums become swollen and detach from the tooth forming a ‘pocket’. These pockets are houses of plaque deposits and destruction causing bacteria. Gradually, the infection spreads to the periodontal ligament (tooth fibers) and bone and loosens the tooth leading to its extraction.
The plaque over time becomes calcified and forms calculus (commonly called tartar). This hard calculus cannot be brushed off and causes the gums to recede.