Turbidity Sensor Calibration Procedure at Instronline, Electronics & Gadgets : Today Indya

Turbidity Sensor Calibration Procedure at Instronline

Electronics & Gadgets

instronline

The turbidity method is based upon a comparison of intensity of light scattered by a sample under defined conditions with the intensity of light scattered by a standard reference suspension. A turbidimeter is a nephelometer with a visible light source for illuminating the sample and one or more photo-electric detectors placed ninety degrees to the path of the light source. Note: the below calibration procedure is for a turbidimeter which the sample is placed into a cuvette.

Some instruments will only accept one standard. For those instruments, the second, third, etc., standards will serve as check points.

Calibration Procedure:

1. Allow the calibration standards to equilibrate at the ambient temperature. The use of commercially available polymer primary standards (AMCO-AEPA-l) is preferred; however, the standards can be prepared using Formazin (read the warning on the label before use) according to the EPA analytical Method 180.1. Other standards may be used if they can be shown that they are equivalent to the previously mentioned standards.

2. If the standard cuvette is not sealed, rinse a cuvette with deionized water. Shake the cuvette to remove as much water as possible. Do not wipe dry the inside of the cuvette because lint from the wipe may remain in the cuvette. Add the standard to the cuvette.

3. Before performing the calibration procedure, make sure the cuvettes are not scratched and the outside surfaces are dry and free from fingerprints and dust. If the cuvette is scratched or dirty, discard or clean the cuvette respectively. Note: some . manufacturers require the cuvette to be orientated in the instrument in a particular direction for accurate reading.

4. Select a low value standard such as a zero or 0.02 NTU and calibrate according to manufacturer’s instructions. Note: a zero standard (approximately 0 NTU) can be prepared by passing distilled water through a 0.45 micron pore size membrane filter.

5. Select a high standard and calibrate according to manufacturer’s instructions or verify the calibration if instrument will not accept a second standard. In verifying, the instrument should read the standard value to within the specifications of the instrument. If the instrument has range of scales, check each range that will be used during the sampling event with a standard that falls within that range.

6. Record the calibration information on calibration log sheet.

Article Original Source : http://www.instronline.com/blogs/turbidity-sensor-calibration-procedure-at-...

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iPhone X, iPhone 8, iPhone 7, iPhone 6s Get Price Cuts in India; iPhones Now Start at Rs. 29,900

Electronics & Gadgets

gadgetsndtv

Apple just took covers off its 2018 lineup of iPhone models - the iPhone XS, iPhone XS Max, and iPhone XR. And, in classic Apple fashion, pricing for the company's older iPhone variants has been reduced globally as well as in the Indian market. The Indian lineup of Apple's iPhone series now starts with the iPhone 6s 32GB variant that gets a new price tag of Rs. 29,900. As for users who like larger displays, the base variant of the iPhone 6s Plus now starts at Rs. 34,900 in the country. Let's check out the new iPhone India pricing, as updated on Apple's website - all prices listed are MRP. Notably, the iPhone SE, iPhone 6s, iPhone 6s Plus, and iPhone X have been discontinued in the US, but in India, only the iPhone SE has been discontinued, with the other three now available at lower prices.

Last year's flagship, iPhone X now starts at Rs. 91,900 for the 64GB storage model, while the 256GB variant is now available for Rs. 1,06,900. This is a reduction from the handset's previous official India pricing of Rs. 95,390 and Rs. 1,08,930, respectively. Even last year's iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus have received significant price cuts. The iPhone 8 now starts at Rs. 59,900 for the 64GB storage variant and Rs. 74,900 for the one with 256GB of inbuilt storage. This compares to Rs. 67,940 and Rs. 81,500 before the September 12 price cut.

Model	Old iPhone Price in India	New iPhone Price in India
iPhone 6s 32GB	Rs. 42,900	Rs. 29,900
iPhone 6s 128GB	Rs. 52,100	Rs. 39,900
iPhone 6s Plus 32GB	Rs. 52,240	Rs. 34,900
iPhone 6s Plus 128GB	Rs. 61,450	Rs. 44,900
iPhone 7 32GB	Rs. 52,370	Rs. 39,900
iPhone 7 128GB	Rs. 61,560	Rs. 49,900
iPhone 7 Plus 32GB	Rs. 62,840	Rs. 49,900
iPhone 7 Plus 128GB	Rs. 72,060	Rs. 59,900
iPhone 8 64GB	Rs. 67,940	Rs. 59,900
iPhone 8 256GB	Rs. 81,500	Rs. 74,900
iPhone 8 Plus 64GB	Rs. 77,560	Rs. 69,900
iPhone 8 Plus 256GB	Rs. 91,110	Rs. 84,900
iPhone X 256GB	Rs. 95,390	Rs. 91,900
iPhone X 256GB	Rs. 1,08,930	Rs. 1,06,900

As for the iPhone 8 Plus, the phablet's base 64GB variant is now priced at Rs. 69,900 in India, down from Rs. 77,560, while the one with 256GB storage gets a price tag of Rs. 84,900, down from Rs. 91,110 previously.

Additionally, even 2016's iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are now available at more attractive price points in the country. The iPhone 7 is priced at Rs. 39,900 for the 32GB storage model (down from Rs. 52,370) and Rs. 49,900 for the 128GB storage model (down from Rs. 61,560). Accordingly, the iPhone 7 Plus now comes in at Rs. 49,900 for the base 32GB variant and Rs. 59,900 for the one with 128GB storage. This compares to their pre-iPhone 2018 event pricing of Rs. 62,840 and Rs. 72,060, respectively.

Finally, the iPhone 6s is available for Rs. 29,900, down from Rs. 42,900, for the 32GB variant, and Rs. 39,900 for the 128GB model, down from Rs. 52,100. The iPhone 6s Plus starts at just Rs. 34,900, down from Rs. 52,240. The phablet's 128GB storage model gets a price cut and is now available for Rs. 44,900, down from Rs. 61,450.

To recall, the iPhone XS and iPhone XS Max will be available in India starting September 28. The iPhone XS has been priced at Rs. 99,900 for the 64GB storage variant, Rs. 1,14,900 for the 256GB model, and Rs. 1,34,900 for the top-end 512GB storage model. Next, the iPhone XS Max comes in at Rs. 1,09,900 for the 64GB variant, Rs. 1,24,900 for the one with 256GB storage, and a hefty Rs. 1,44,900 for the 512GB model.

Lastly, the iPhone XR is the most affordable of the lot, and will go on sale in India from October 26. It has a starting price tag of Rs. 76,900 for the 64GB variant, Rs. 81,900 for the 128GB model, and Rs. 91,900 for the 256GB storage variant. The Apple Watch Series 4 was also introduced, but India pricing is yet to be made official.

Article Original Source : https://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/news/iphone-x-price-cut-in-india-iphone-8-...