Scientists are working for over 200 years continuously in Antarctica to find new organisms and data that could reveal Earth's climate history and signs of a climate changes.
Since Antarctica is not a home to native human population, the United States and other 11 countries signed the Antarctic treaty in 1959 to ban military activities and invest into scientific investigations.
More than 40 other countries have joined the agreement since then, and the research station on the continent has grown rapidly.
Facts about Antarctica
Antarctica is the fifth largest continent in the world. It is also the coldest continent and is almost entirely covered in snow.
Situated in the South Pole of earth, the average temperature of the place in winters is minus 34.4 Celsius.
The lowest temperature recorded was minus 144 F, which is the lowest temperature recorded in the world.
Antarctica has two seasons-- winter and summer. The continent's season change depends on the tilt of Earth's axis in relation to the sun.
Although, it contains 70 per cent of the world's fresh water, Antarctica is considered a desert as it receives a very low amount of rain or snowfall.
More than 300 large lakes are covered under the ice sheet of Antarctica.
Changes observed in Antarctica
Data collected by NASA using the Grace Satellite shows that Antarctic has been losing more than a hundred cubic kilometres of ice every year since 2002.
According to the latest data of NASA, the region is losing ice at an accelerated rate.
The ice loss rate has tripled since 2012 and has resulted in the increase of global sea levels by 0.12 inch (3 millimetres).
The team looked at the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet from 1992 to 2017 and found that the global sea level raised by 0.3 inches (7.6 millimetres).
These rapid rates of ice melting from Antarctica is causing sea level rise faster than any time in past 25 years.
Before 2012, the ice loss was at a steady rate of about 83.8 billion tons per year, contributing about 0.008 inches to the sea level rise every year.
Two important researches conducted in Antarctica